this is what my life has come to . this was 2 hours of brainstorming work for me :
Introduction to DMIS
This project has been developed to bridge the information gap between various entities
involved during a natural calamity like floods, so that the process of providing immediate
relief to the affected people can be speed up. The project analyses the system requirements for developing a Disaster Management Information System at the time of
floods.
The various parameters which have been considered are :
1.Food
2.Water
3.Health
4.Warning
5.Rescue
6.Infrastructure
Each of these parameters requires monitoring and action during the three stages of a disaster – flood in this case. The three stages are:
1.Pre-disaster : This is the stage when the disaster has not occurred. It may or may not be expected, however there are some levels of preparedness which should be present, these being looked into, the details of which will follow.
2. During Disaster : This is the time of the disaster. Here the IS in place will be tested, so also the preparation in terms of facing it, limiting damage to life and property, rescue etc This stage would involve Ad-hoc networks being set up.
3. Post-Disaster : This is the stage of damage control and rehabilitation of displaced people. This would typically be coordinated from a central location.
Now, we will analyse the individual parameters and then give an overall view combining them.
1.Food
Existing System
The existing system is completely manual in nature where a lot of information is
transferred in an ad-hoc basis. There is a long hierarchy of levels involved after which a
decision is taken, thus contributing to delays in taking the decisions and many a times
aggravating the situation.
Stakeholder Analysis
1. Affected people: They are the victims of the calamity, and hence are the
direct stakeholders in the system. In this project however, their collective interests are being represented through that of their leader, the Sarpanch of the village.
2. District Magistrate: the DM is directly responsible for the relief
operations and the welfare of the affected people. Being the key decision maker
of the entire process, his involvement is direct and has a great impact on the
operations and the outcome i.e. the success of the relief operations.
3. NGOs and volunteers: these work for the welfare of the people by assisting in
the relief work. They are also critical as they provide the much needed man power
in such disaster relief operations. They also provide food and other infra etc by
eliciting them from the masses and making them available at the relief site.
4. FCI: The Food Corporation of India as the controller of grains and other food
supplies plays a critical part in the disaster relief operations. Its role is to provide
food supplies at a short notice. It ideally coordinates with the transportation department
to provide the food. However, at some instances in this project, the FCI has been attributed the function of transportation as well, where it does not affect efficiency.
5. Army: Army is a major contributor in relief operations when pressed inaction. It brings with it the functional expertise in disaster management and relief operations. It is the army that is usually entrusted with evacuation and settlement operations.
Objective: To automate the existing system to best meet the needs of the stakeholders.
2.Water
The primary needs for water and sanitation information system for disaster management module are :
§ To protect public health from
Ø Unhygienic conditions
Ø Contaminated water
Ø The spread of vectors
§ To secure the area’s development and economic activities.
§ To protect the investment in water and sanitation infrastructure.
The primary objectives are therefore :
- Drinking water management
- Sanitation management
The functionality of the WDMIS can thus be classified into the following phases :
Pre-disaster phase
· Data collection
- Resource and threat mapping
- Identification of criticalities in the system and area
- Risk management
- Setting up Communication channels with stakeholders
- Incorporation for future design to reduce threats
- Training of personnel for disaster management
Post-disaster phase:
- Establishment of a rapidly deployable Ad-Hoc network
- Distribution of PDA’s and other nodal devices to workers
- Coordination of various stakeholders
- Information flow management between stakeholders
- Automating routine tasks, and documentation.
- Seamless integration of the Ad-Hoc network into the existing networks
- Capturing and assessing current situation and mapping solutions
3.Health
The health entity is divided into the following for better management :
4.Warning
There are four interdependent modules already existing in the system :
- Population Management System
Population Management System takes data about the cattle, population and nearby safe areas from volunteers. Using this data, the module computes the number of dependants within the population, the number of people who can take care of others and also the capacity of each area. With this knowledge, the system automatically generates a list containing number of people that can be allocated each area and sends this message to the Directions Generation System. For this purpose, the module also accesses local databases to get information about the locales and landscapes.
Actors: Volunteers
Inputs: Info about population and livestock and other demographics
Databases used: Local
- Resource Management System
This module takes inputs from both volunteers and NGOs. From volunteers it gets data about the number of vehicles available for transportation, nearby safe places, the distances and other resources like food and medicines available with the volunteers. It also gets data about the food and medicine supplies the NGOs can provide, the time frame within which they can provide and the decides the resources that can be used in the current scenario. Using this data and accessing the local and global databases for information like any special requirement for a particular area, the system then generates final resource availability table and sends it to the Directions Generation System.
Actors: Volunteers, NGOs
Inputs: Resource needs and availability
Databases used: Global and local
Flood warning system takes inputs from the Meteorological department. It gets data like river historical flood levels, current water levels, forecast for the water levels, alarms and warnings, flood bulletins. It also uses the river databases provided by the meteorological department to find out the risky areas and then calculates the warning levels automatically and sends timely inputs to the Direction Generation System. In the process, it also accesses the global database for input like Satellite Images uploaded by the Met Department and then uses them to generate the satellite images for the risky areas and sends this info the concerned parties like the administration departments like electricity, health and public works department.
Actors: Met Department
Inputs: Rivers Data, Flood Bulletins, Satellite Images, Water Levels, Warnings and Alarms
Databases used: Global
- Directions Generation System
The Directions Generation System is more like an aggregator. It gets inputs from the PMS, FWS and RMS and then aggregates the same and the output is in the form of Resource Allocation Table, Population Evacuation Table and Flood Bulletins. It also takes inputs from the Volunteer in case of any emergency data and uses the same to upgrade its RAT, PET and Flood Bulletins.
Inputs: Outputs of PMS, FWS and RMS
Process: Agglomeration and updating
Outputs: RAT, PET and FB
The warning module is expected to
- Collect Information about
Ø Flood Warning
Ø Population and Livestock demographics
Ø Resources available
§ Disseminate Information to all the stakeholders
5.Rescue
The existing Infrastructure & IS for Rescue management is summed up as follows :
PSTN is also referred to as POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service). It’s a combination of circuit switching telephone networks. Mainly digital in technology, with the exception of the final step: the link from the CO to the user, which is largely analog. India has got extensive PSTN networking with every district headquarters connected and also most of the villages. This existing PSTN network can be used to connect various zonal office to each other and to the Central Base server The zonal offices are connected to other Zonal offices and the Central Server using the existing PSTN connection in case the Internet as a connectivity is not available in that zonal office are as is the case in many District headquarters. The Multi-tier Redundant Hub and Spoke Topology is used for connection. This ensures that even is one arm of the topology is broken, the connection is still maintained
In a flood emergency, communication is crucial as there is a strong need to collect many data; for example to find out who may be injured and coordinate rescue efforts. The cables that connect officials with their vital information networks could be severed in a situation like flood To overcome this, as last mile connectivity, WiMAX is used to set up a back-up primary communications system. A WiMAX base station is set at each zonal office. This provides access in the range of 50 Km around the zonal office. Each PDA in the network has a special encryption code that would give it access to the base station. The PDA’s transmit the data using this network. For areas outside the 50 Km range, an Ad-Hoc network is established for the same purpose.
6.Infrastructure
The primary functions of this module are to provide the following functions :
§ Database Creation
§ Information Flow
§ Emergency Equipment
§ Skilled Personnel
The proposed system entails resource details about the flood, news related with floods and emergency contact numbers. The resources can be utilized by the voluntary organizations, relief agencies and other interested parties to build up their check-list of actions. It also provides a plan for identifying, assessing and tackling any potential situations that might arise in case of floods so that as and when such an event occurs, it can be managed with minimum loss of property and life.
The other functions, which are integrally supported are :
§ Capacity-building
Ø Identification of existing resources relevant to any disaster, and resources to be acquired for the purpose
Ø Acquiring and creating resources, organisation and training of groups in local community
Ø Coordination of such training
Ø Rehabilitation and reconstruction work to be done by the infrastructure department for bringing the situation back to normalcy